Which statement about the effects of circadian rhythms on health is true?

The statement regarding the effects of circadian rhythms on health that is true is that they can disrupt hormonal balance. Circadian rhythms are the physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in the environment. They regulate various bodily functions, including sleep-wake patterns, hormone release, and metabolism.

Disruptions in these rhythms, which can occur due to irregular sleep patterns, shift work, or jet lag, can lead to hormonal imbalances. For example, cortisol levels, which normally rise in the morning and fall at night, can become erratic due to disrupted sleep patterns. This can lead to health issues such as anxiety, depression, and metabolic disorders.

The other statements do not accurately capture the multifaceted impact of circadian rhythms on health. While circadian rhythms do influence cognitive performance, it is not their primary function, nor do they solely impact physical health or have no impact on mental health. In reality, circadian rhythms play a crucial role in both physical and mental health by influencing hormone levels, cognitive function, and overall well-being.